Alice Paul - Wikipedia. Alice Paul (January 1. July 9, 1. 97. 7) was an American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the 1. Nineteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.

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Along with Lucy Burns and others, Paul strategized events, such as the Woman Suffrage Procession and the Silent Sentinels, which were part of the successful campaign that resulted in its passage in 1. After 1. 92. 0, Paul spent a half century as leader of the National Woman's Party, which fought for her Equal Rights Amendment to secure constitutional equality for women.

She won a large degree of success with the inclusion of women as a group protected against discrimination by the Civil Rights Act of 1. She insisted that her National Woman's Party focus on the legal status of all women and resisted calls to address issues like birth control. Early life[edit]Alice Paul was born on January 1. Paulsdale in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey.[2] She was the eldest of four children of William Mickle Paul I (1.

Tacie Paul (née Parry), and a descendant of William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania. Her siblings were Willam, Helen, and Parry. She grew up in the Quaker tradition of public service; her ancestors included participants in the New Jersey Committee of Correspondence in the Revolutionary era and a state legislative leader in the 1. The Quakers believed that all people, including women, were equal in the sight of God. Alice first learned about women's suffrage from her mother, a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association; Paul would sometimes join her mother in attending suffragist meetings.[3]Education[edit].

Alice Paul and Helen Gardener, ca. Paul attended Moorestown Friends School, where she graduated at the top of her class.[4] In 1. Paul went to Swarthmore College, an institution co- founded by her grandfather. While attending Swarthmore, Paul served as a member on the Executive Board of Student Government, one experience which may have sparked her eventual excitement for political activism.

Alice graduated from Swarthmore College with a bachelor's degree in Biology in 1. Partly in order to avoid going into teaching work, Paul completed a fellowship year at a settlement house in New York City after her graduation, living on the Lower East Side at the College Settlement House. While working on settlement activities taught her about the need to right injustice in America, Alice soon decided that social work was not the way she was to achieve this goal: "I knew in a very short time I was never going to be a social worker, because I could see that social workers were not doing much good in the world.. Paul then earned her M.

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A. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1. She continued her studies at the Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre in Birmingham, England, and took Economics classed from the University of Birmingham, while continuing to earn money doing social work.

She first heard Christabel Pankhurst speak at Birmingham. When she later moved to London to work, she joined the militant suffrage group the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Christabel and her mother, Emmeline Pankhurst. She was arrested repeatedly during suffrage demonstrations and served three jail terms. After returning from England in 1. Paul continued her studies at the University of Pennsylvania, earning a Ph. D. in sociology. Her dissertation was entitled "The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania"; it discussed the history of the women's movement in Pennsylvania and the rest of the U.

S., and urged woman suffrage as the key issue of the day.[7]Paul later received her law degree (LL. B) from the Washington College of Law at American University in 1. In 1. 92. 7, she earned an LL. M, and in 1. 92. 8, a Doctorate in Civil Laws from American University.[9]Personal life[edit]Alice Paul had an active social life until she moved to Washington in late 1. She enjoyed close relationships with women and befriended, sometimes dated, men. Paul did not preserve private correspondence for the most part, so few details are available.

Once Paul devoted herself to winning the vote for women, she placed the suffrage effort first in her life. Nevertheless, Elsie Hill and Dora Kelly Lewis, two women she met early in her work for NAWSA, remained close to her all their lives.

She knew William Parker, a scholar she met at the University of Pennsylvania, for several years; he may have tendered a marriage proposal in 1. The more thorough discussion of Paul's familial relations and friendships is found in J. D. Zahniser's biography.

Early work in British woman suffrage[edit]In 1. University of Pennsylvania, Paul moved to England, where she eventually became deeply involved with the British women's suffrage movement, regularly participating in demonstrations and marches of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). After a "conversion experience" seeing Christabel Pankhurst speak at the University of Birmingham, Paul became enamored with the movement. She first became involved by selling a Suffragette magazine on street corners. Watch The Legend Of Awesomest Maximus Online more. This was a particularly difficult task considering the animosity towards the Suffragettes and opened her eyes to the abuse that women involved in the movement faced.[6] These experiences, combined with the teachings of Professor Beatrice Webb, convinced Paul that social work and charity could not bring about the needed social changes in society: this could only be accomplished through equal legal status for women.[6]While in London, Paul also met Lucy Burns, a fellow American activist who would become an important ally for the duration of the suffrage fight, first in England, then in the United States. The two women quickly gained the trust of prominent WSPU members and began organizing events and campaign offices. When Emmeline Pankhurst attempted to spread the movement to Scotland, Paul and Burns accompanied her as assistants.[6]Paul quickly gained the trust of fellow WSPU members through both her talent with visual rhetoric and her willingness to put herself in physical danger in order to increase the visibility of the suffrage movement.

While at the WSPU's headquarters in Edinburgh, Paul and local suffragists made plans to protest a speech by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey. For a week prior, they spoke with people on the streets to promote knowledge about why they were protesting against the Cabinet member.

At the meeting, after Grey discussed proposed legislation he claimed would lead to prosperity, Paul stood up and exclaimed: “Well, these are very wonderful ideals, but couldn’t you extend them to women?”[6] Police responded by dragging her out of the meeting and through the streets to the police station where she was arrested. As planned, this act was viewed by many as a public silencing of legitimate protest and resulted in an increase of press coverage and public sympathy.[6]Later events involved even more risk of bodily harm. Before a political meeting at St.

Andrew's Hall in Glasgow in August 1. Paul camped out on the roof of the hall so that she could address the crowd below.

When she was forced by police to descend, crowds cheered her effort. Later, when Paul, Burns, and fellow suffragettes attempted to enter the event, they were beaten by police as sympathetic bystanders attempted to protect them. After Paul and her fellow protesters were taken into custody, crowds gathered outside the police station demanding the women's release.[6]On November 9, 1. Lord Mayor's Day, the Lord Mayor of London hosted a banquet for cabinet ministers in the city's Guild Hall. Alice Paul planned the WSPU's response; she and Amelia Brown disguised themselves as cleaning women and entered into the building with the normal staff at 9: 0. Once in the building, the women hid until the event started that evening.